Morang District: A Detailed Overview

Morang District is an economically active and culturally diverse region in southeastern Nepal. Its economy is based on agriculture, industry, and trade, with significant contributions from commerce and services. The district boasts a well-developed infrastructure, making it a key area for economic activities and cultural heritage in Koshi Province. Its numerous tourist attractions blend natural beauty, cultural experiences, and industrial heritage.

Morang is one of the 14 districts of Koshi province in eastern Nepal. The capital of Koshi Province (Koshi Pradesh in Nepali) has also been established in Biratnagar, the second-largest city in Nepal. This area is also a historical place, as it was the kingdom of King Birat in the mythological period.

Here are some key details about Morang District:

Geographic Information:

Morang District is located in Koshi Province in southeastern Nepal. It covers an area of approximately 1,855 square kilometers. The district lies in the Terai region, with flat, fertile plains and a subtropical climate. It is bordered by Jhapa District to the east, Sunsari District to the west, Dhankuta District to the north, and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. Major rivers in Morang include the Koshi, Ratuwa, Bakra, and Singiya, which provide vital water resources for agriculture.

Demographic Information:

As per the 2021 Census, Morang District has a population of approximately 1,148,156 people, making it one of the most populous districts in Nepal. The district is ethnically diverse, with communities including Brahmins, Chhetris, Tharus, Rajbanshis, Limbus, Rais, Magars, and several other indigenous groups. Nepali is the most widely spoken language, with other languages such as Maithili, Tharu, and Rajbanshi also prevalent. The district practices a mix of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other indigenous religions.

Economic Information:

Morang is one of the most economically active districts in Nepal. The economy is predominantly based on agriculture, with major crops including rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, jute, and various vegetables and fruits. The district is known for its industrial activities, with numerous factories and industries producing jute, textiles, paper, steel, and other products. Biratnagar, the district headquarters, is a major industrial and commercial hub. Trade and commerce are vital to the local economy, facilitated by the district’s proximity to India and the presence of several marketplaces and trading centers.

Also, there are high-level colleges and hospitals in Biratnagar of Morang that provide specialty services in eastern Nepal.

Cultural Information:

Morang has a rich cultural heritage that blends various ethnic traditions and customs. Major festivals celebrated in the district include Dashain, Tihar, Chhath, Holi, and Buddha Jayanti, reflecting the religious diversity. The district is known for its traditional music, dance, and folklore, with cultural expressions such as the Tharu stick dance and various indigenous Rai and Limbu dances. Traditional attire and customs vary among the different ethnic groups, adding to the cultural diversity of Morang.

Infrastructural Information:

Morang District has a well-developed infrastructure compared to other districts in Nepal. The district headquarters, Biratnagar, is connected by road via the East-West Highway to major cities like Kathmandu and other parts of the country. Biratnagar Airport, recently upgraded to an international airport, offers flights to Kathmandu and other destinations, enhancing accessibility. Education and healthcare facilities in Morang are well-established, with numerous schools, colleges, and hospitals available to serve the local population. The district has significantly improved internet connectivity, electricity, and water supply services.

Industrial Information:

Morang District, particularly centered around the city of Biratnagar and both sides of Koshi Highway, is a major industrial hub in Nepal. The district hosts a variety of industries, including jute mills, textile factories, paper mills, and steel production units. These industries play a vital role in the local economy, providing employment and contributing significantly to the district’s GDP.

Biratnagar is home to some of Nepal’s oldest and largest industrial enterprises, making it a focal point for trade and commerce. The district’s strategic location near the Indian border further facilitates industrial activities and cross-border trade, enhancing its economic significance within the country.

Morang District, particularly Biratnagar, hosts many industries, including large-scale and small-scale enterprises. The district is home to:

1. Large-Scale Industries: These include jute mills, textile factories, paper mills, cement factories, and steel production units. Notable companies include Biratnagar Jute Mills, the oldest industrial company in Nepal, and other major industrial enterprises in sectors like steel, cement, and food processing.
2. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Morang has a thriving sector of SMEs, which include various manufacturing units, agro-based industries, and service-oriented businesses. These enterprises produce various goods, from consumer products to machinery and equipment.

Tourist Attractions:

Morang is an industrial district. Along with the following notable places, it is one of the leading districts in Nepal for industrial tourism.

1. Biratnagar: The district headquarters and a major industrial and commercial hub, offering shopping, dining, and cultural experiences.
2. Betana Simsar, a wetland park adjacent to the East-West highway at Belbari, draws many visitors. Other wetlands, such as Betani Simsar and Hasina Simsar, are also remarkable tourist attractions.
3. Jefale Hill is the highest viewpoint in Morang District. Under the open sky, Mt. Everest and Mt. Kanchenjunga can be viewed from the top of the hill. The next viewpoint, like Neselung, is also notable.
4. Historical Heritages: Some historical sites, such as Raghupati jut Mills, Birat King Palace, King Dhanpal Palace, and religious shrines, are major tourist attractions in Morang.
5. Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is near Morang District, a nationally renowned wetland area known for bird watching, wildlife spotting, and natural beauty.
6. Dhankuta is a nearby hill station offering panoramic views of the plains and mountains. It is popular with hiking and nature enthusiasts.
7. Many more newly introduced places.